1. West Nile Virus, University of Minnesota
2. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control
3. Department of Health, State of New York (type "West Nile Virus" in search field)
4. West Nile Virus, U.S. Geological Service
5. What is West Nile Encephalitis, University of Pennsylvania
6. West Nile Virus Alert and Fact Sheet, State of New Jersey
7. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta (search for West Nile Virus)
8. Arboviral Encephalitides publications, Centers for Disease Control
9. K.E Steele, M.J.Linn, R.J. Schoep, N. Komar, T.W.Geisbert, R.M. Manduca, P.P. Calle, B.L. Raphael, T.L. Clippinger, T. Larsen, J. Smith, R.S. Lanciotti, N.A.Panella and T.S. MacNamara (2000). Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York. Vet. Pathol. 37: 208-224.
10. Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., Hutto, D.L., Taylor W.D., Schmitt, B.J. and B. Panigrahy. Pathogenicity of West Nile Virus in chickens. Avian Dis. 44:642-649.
11. Swayne, D.E., J.R. Beck, and S. Zaki (2000). Pathogenicity of West Nile virus for turkeys. Avian Dis 44: 932-937.
12. Ritchie B.W. (2000). West Nile Virus-A recent immigrant to the United States.

Compendium on Continuing Education for Practicing Veterinarians. 22:576-587.

Compiled 2/16/06; updated 8/9/07